According to Shanks and Arlitsch, digital researcher services fall into three categories: Digital researcher services enhance discoverability, shareability and citability of scholarship. Commercial and non-profit services help researchers increase visibility and recognition. Active promotion of scholarship is an aspect of the publication cycle. RN tools and research profiling systems can help researchers gain recognition. RN tools generally have associated analytical capabilities that enable evaluation of collaboration and cross-disciplinary research/scholarly activity, especially over time. RN tools provide resources to bolster human connections: they can make non-intuitive matches, do not depend on serendipity and do not have a propensity to return only to previously identified collaborations/collaborators. Yet, RN tools have sufficient flexibility to allow for profile editing.
They also differ from social networking systems in that they represent a compendium of data ingested from authoritative and verifiable sources rather than predominantly individually-posted information, making RN tools more reliable. RN tools differ from search engines like Google in that RN tools access information in databases and other data not limited to web pages. RN tools facilitate collaboration and team science to address research challenges through the rapid discovery and recommendation of researchers, expertise and resources. RN tools connect institution-level/enterprise systems, national research networks, publicly available research data (e.g., grants and publications), and restricted/proprietary data by harvesting information from disparate sources into compiled profiles for faculty, investigators, scholars, clinicians, community partners and facilities. Research networking tools ( RN tools) serve as knowledge management systems for the research enterprise. Research networking ( RN) is about using tools to identify, locate and use research and scholarly information about people and resources.
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